The preposition o has several functions. Its meaning and the case it governs depend on the context.
Use this preposition in the following situations:
Giving the hour of an event
Use when giving a specific clock hour (e.g. 5:00, 12:30).
Vocabulary list
Example sentences
Before specific parts of the day when giving time
o is used with several parts of the day (not all of them).
Parts of the day
Example sentences
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When specifying the topic of something
Use it to introduce the topic of thought, dreaming, writing, a movie, a book, etc.
Example verbs
Example sentences
zapomnieć o(forget about) With verbs expressing seeking or striving for something
Use it with verbs that mean someone is trying to obtain something.
Example verbs
Example sentences
rywalizować o(compete for) bić się o(fight for, fight over) kłócić się o(argue about) starać się o(make an effort, look for, apply for) zabiegać o(strive for, seek, lobby for) Start of Advertisement
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With verbs expressing concern or care about something
Use it with verbs that express concern or care about something.
Example verbs
Example sentences
martwić się o(worry about) troszczyć się o(care about) dbać o(take care of, care for) Introducing an object that something physically hits or touches
Use
o with verbs that express physical contact with a surface or object.
Example verbs
Example sentences
opierać się o(lean against) zahaczyć (się) o(catch on against) zaczepić (się) o(catch on against) rozbić się o(crash against, shatter against) ocierać się o(rub against) Start of Advertisement
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Expressing the amount of difference
Use
o to express the amount by which something exceeds, falls short of, or differs from a reference point.
In English this is often expressed with
by.
Example sentences
Introducing a defining characteristic or attribute of a noun
Use
o to introduce a characteristic such as size, weight, title etc.
In English this is often expressed with
of.
Example sentences
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In the phrase "chodzi o / chodziło o"
chodzi o / chodziło o is an idiomatic expression and it doesn't have a direct translation in English. The closest translation would be "to be about". It is used to talk about:
- what something is about
- what someone means by something
- what is the point of something
Use chodzi o for present tense and chodziło o for past tense.
The form of the verb is impersonal. In order to indicate the "recipient" of the action you must add a personal pronoun in Dative Case. You can see it in the examples below (Ci, mi, nam, im).
This phrase is quite popular in Polish, so it's worth learning it.
Example sentences
In the phrase "O ile..."
O ile(as far as) introduces a clause expressing uncertainty or limited knowledge. It is used to express doubt, uncertainty, or caution.
There are two sentence structures that you can use. The first one uses impersonal form wiadomo(is known). In order to indicate who "knows", you can optionally add a personal pronoun in Dative Case. The second structure uses conjugated verbs, so the subject is known.
Example sentences
The preposition o has several functions. Its meaning and the case it governs depend on the context.
Use this preposition in the following situations:
Giving the hour of an event
Use when giving a specific clock hour (e.g. 5:00, 12:30).
Vocabulary list
Example sentences
Before specific parts of the day when giving time
o is used with several parts of the day (not all of them).
Parts of the day
Example sentences
Start of Advertisement
End of Advertisement
When specifying the topic of something
Use it to introduce the topic of thought, dreaming, writing, a movie, a book, etc.
Example verbs
Example sentences
zapomnieć o(forget about) With verbs expressing seeking or striving for something
Use it with verbs that mean someone is trying to obtain something.
Example verbs
Example sentences
rywalizować o(compete for) bić się o(fight for, fight over) kłócić się o(argue about) starać się o(make an effort, look for, apply for) zabiegać o(strive for, seek, lobby for) Start of Advertisement
End of Advertisement
With verbs expressing concern or care about something
Use it with verbs that express concern or care about something.
Example verbs
Example sentences
martwić się o(worry about) troszczyć się o(care about) dbać o(take care of, care for) Introducing an object that something physically hits or touches
Use
o with verbs that express physical contact with a surface or object.
Example verbs
Example sentences
opierać się o(lean against) zahaczyć (się) o(catch on against) zaczepić (się) o(catch on against) rozbić się o(crash against, shatter against) ocierać się o(rub against) Start of Advertisement
End of Advertisement
Expressing the amount of difference
Use
o to express the amount by which something exceeds, falls short of, or differs from a reference point.
In English this is often expressed with
by.
Example sentences
Introducing a defining characteristic or attribute of a noun
Use
o to introduce a characteristic such as size, weight, title etc.
In English this is often expressed with
of.
Example sentences
Start of Advertisement
End of Advertisement
In the phrase "chodzi o / chodziło o"
chodzi o / chodziło o is an idiomatic expression and it doesn't have a direct translation in English. The closest translation would be "to be about". It is used to talk about:
- what something is about
- what someone means by something
- what is the point of something
Use chodzi o for present tense and chodziło o for past tense.
The form of the verb is impersonal. In order to indicate the "recipient" of the action you must add a personal pronoun in Dative Case. You can see it in the examples below (Ci, mi, nam, im).
This phrase is quite popular in Polish, so it's worth learning it.
Example sentences
In the phrase "O ile..."
O ile(as far as) introduces a clause expressing uncertainty or limited knowledge. It is used to express doubt, uncertainty, or caution.
There are two sentence structures that you can use. The first one uses impersonal form wiadomo(is known). In order to indicate who "knows", you can optionally add a personal pronoun in Dative Case. The second structure uses conjugated verbs, so the subject is known.
Example sentences